Physics Unit26: Special Theory of Relativity - WebAssign

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习题练习：Physics Unit26: Special Theory of Relativity
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作者: physics

答题人: 匿名未登录开始时间: 23年05月01日 10:04 切换到: 整卷模式

1#

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You are riding in a spaceship that has no windows,t2nfyf0wrd7xhcwc 3(s pt(+q)s2k7 m radios, or other means for you to observe or measure what is outside. You wish to determine if the ship i32nkqyxcw m tw+)7f((2rp ssfc07dths stopped or moving at constant velocity. What should you do? (1.0 分)

A. You can determine if the ship is moving by determining the apparent velocity of light.

B. You can determine if the ship is moving by checking your precision time piece. If it's running slow, the ship is moving.

C. You can determine if the ship is moving either by determining the apparent velocity of light or by checking your precision time piece. If it's running slow, the ship is moving.

D. You should give up because you have taken on an impossible task.

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2#

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The Michelson-Morley experimentk9bm*l mzxbqhy k2)5 34 ,ngug was designed to measure (1.0 分)

A. the relativistic mass of the electron.

B. the relativistic energy of the electron.

C. the velocity of the Earth relative to the ether.

D. the acceleration of gravity on the Earth's surface.

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3#

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Michelson and Morley concluded from the results of their experiment efo )aha0s; vnzahs, k.9+py +that (1.0 分)

A. the experiment was a failure since there was no detectable shift in the interference pattern.

B. the experiment was successful in not detecting a shift in the interference pattern.

C. the experiment was a failure since they detected a shift in the interference pattern.

D. the experiment was successful in detecting a shift in the interference pattern.

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4#

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You can build an interferometer yourself i,;,uxtwwxy z 6f you use the following components: (1.0 分)

A. a light source, a detector screen, a partially silvered mirror, a flat mirror, and a glass plate.

B. a light source, a detector screen, two partially silvered mirrors, and a glass plate.

C. a light source, a detector screen, two partially silvered mirrors, a flat mirror, and a glass plate.

D. a light source, a detector screen, a partially silvered mirror, two flat mirrors, and a glass plate.

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5#

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State the relativity prinkf3*0z 7 wy (siqjk3kd8aq-f fciple. (1.0 分)

该题自我估分: (必填) (满分:1.0分)

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6#

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State the three unprovable assumptions of clxj60wk)by-Galilean-Newtonian relativity. (1.0 分)

该题自我估分: (必填) (满分:1.0分)

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7#

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The theory of special rhnqz24oe ,4al elativity (1.0 分)

A. is based on a complex mathematical analysis.

B. has not been verified by experiment.

C. does not agree with Newtonian mechanics.

D. does not agree with electromagnetic theory.

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8#

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One of Einstein's postulates in formulating the special th;nc cu*lz16 vdeory of relativity was that the laws of physics are the same in recdnz v*l61 c;uference frames that (1.0 分)

A. accelerate.

B. move at constant velocity with respect to an inertial frame.

C. oscillate.

D. are stationary, but not in moving frames.

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9#

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State the first postulate;tq m:n :fmdrrr :9f1h0+owf4)ux uye of special relativity. (1.0 分)

该题自我估分: (必填) (满分:1.0分)

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10#

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State the second postulate ofek5- ulgnhl2y)gncv9/+ry4)ruae5tj:9y o a special relativity. (1.0 分)

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11#

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If you were to measure your puls o/fn, f*ue .e;fp2tmqpl l u4;0qd7rqe rate while in a spaceship moving away from the Sun at a speet/q;0 efqpfl l4e u*d;o7rmp2.n u,qfd close to the speed of light, you would find that it was (1.0 分)

A. much faster than normal.

B. much slower than normal.

C. the same as it was here on Earth.

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12#

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Relative to a stationary ob7 8jkrrpyha3d we414i server, a moving clock (1.0 分)

A. always runs slower than normal.

B. always runs faster than normal.

C. keeps its normal time.

D. can do any of the above. It depends on the relative velocity between the observer and the clock.

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13#

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The gamma factor is def+ey*zs8ydcv /5uos ; jined as $\gamma = 1 / \sqrt{1- (v/c)^2}$, therefore gamma ($\gamma$) (1.0 分)

A. can be zero.

B. can be any number less than or equal to one.

C. can be any number greater than or equal to one.

D. cannot equal one.

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14#

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Suppose one twin takes a ride in a space ship traveling at a very high speng *;tklk s)5yv ,aa7ced to a distant star andv *sn ;lk57gtacka )y, back again, while the other twin remains on Earth. The twin that remained on Earth predicts that the astronaut twin is (1.0 分)

A. younger.

B. the same age.

C. older.

D. cannot be determined from the given information

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15#

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Relative to a stationary observer, a moving g.smzs6,o1 r rhuf1t.ngw-s2 object (1.0 分)

A. appears shorter than normal.

B. appears longer than normal.

C. keeps its same length time.

D. can do any of the above. It depends on the relative velocity between the observer and the object.

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16#

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An object moves in a direction parallel 8h35528ym1 hda d(/ bidfw3evdqlwtoto its length with a velocity that approaches the velocity of light. a1(5f e2bm 35 iq/ld8hwhytdwd v83od The width of this object, as measured by a stationary observer, (1.0 分)

A. approaches infinity.

B. approaches zero.

C. increases slightly.

D. does not change.

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17#

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An object moves in a direction parallel to itsa-i+ 5-cv byj-l b-njim r3p;x length with a velocity that approaches the velocity of light. The length of tni-j-+xab;j m 5 pry-3lbcvi-his object, as measured by a stationary observer, (1.0 分)

A. approaches infinity.

B. approaches zero.

C. increases slightly.

D. does not change.

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18#

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As the speed of a particle b* dn s5si033jbdg8x sapproaches the speed of light, the mass of the particle3 *sb x8n5idss0 jdgb3 (1.0 分)

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains the same.

D. approaches zero.

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19#

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As the speed of a particle approaches the speedit05co g .tdx2tpsu(c 1y/i ldpox 3/. of light, the momentum of the paros/xo. 13l tut( y/i.tcxg 2 dppc50idticle (1.0 分)

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains the same.

D. approaches zero.

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20#

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A spear is thrown by you at a very high speed. As it passes, you measure il38e7qlzo . pits length at one-half its 3lo 8lipze q.7normal length. From this measurement, you conclude that the moving spear's mass must be (1.0 分)

A. one-half its rest mass.

B. twice its rest mass.

C. four times its rest mass.

D. none of the given answers

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21#

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What happens to the kinetic energy of a speedy proton when its relativistic massqsm0-a z (zdmcofs,k,ri- g(: dodko 0r,f(siacg(mz-q : -,zs mubles? (1.0 分)

A. It doubles.

B. It more than doubles.

C. It less than doubles.

D. It must increase, but it is impossible to say by how much.

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22#

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What happens to the total relativistic energy of a s9q2j5m 3ct sd6/ blhpy/2q paspeedy proton when its relativistic mass dou6 9q mcajpphs/bq2tdl2/y5s3bles? (1.0 分)

A. It doubles.

B. It more than doubles.

C. It less than doubles.

D. It must increase, but it is impossible to say by how much.

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23#

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Consider a particle of1* 2gha.t pkph mass $m$ and rest mass $m_0$. Which of the following is the correct expression for the kinetic energy of such a particle? (1.0 分)

A. $\frac{1}{2} m_0 v^2$

B. $\frac{1}{2} m v^2$

C. $m c^2 - m_0 c^2$

D. $\frac{1}{2}(mc^2 - m_0 c^2)$

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24#

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Consider two spaceships, each traveling at :ftg; /pje.bo; u:o( ygjacp0 ls8t8ucg5y(i0.50c in a straight line. Ship A is moving directly away from the Sun and ship B is approaching the Sun. The science officers on each ship measure the velocity of light coming from the Sun.uo;p08/j;sc( u5t.jgeyby ogc :t g :i(8 pafl What do they measure for this velocity? (1.0 分)

A. Ship A measures it as less than c, and ship B measures it as greater than c.

B. Ship B measures it as less than c, and ship A measures it as greater than c.

C. On both ships it is measured to be less than c.

D. On both ships it is measured to be exactly c.

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25#

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Which of the following depends on the observej wy11m27rgipwk )z3rr's frame of reference? (1.0 分)

A. the mass of the proton

B. the length of a meter stick

C. the half-life of a muon

D. all of the given answers

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26#

单选题搜藏此题

As the velocity of your spaceg6re 5u0bmf y-z t+a7oship increases, you would observe (1.0 分)

A. that your precision clock runs slower than normal.

B. that the length of your spaceship has decreased.

C. that your mass has increased.

D. all of the given answers

E. none of the given answers

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27#

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A boat can travel 4.0 m/s in still water. With whatvc:5d b(brgyhpf74 v+ speed, relative to the shore, does it move in a river that is vpbc gfhr:d(+75 4 ybvflowing at 1.0 m/s if the boat is heading upstream? (1.0 分)

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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28#

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A boat can travel 4.0 m/s in still water. With what speed, re6,w4,c gvhkrw kf/ b8blative to the shore, does it move in a river that is flowingb6r8,h,bf wkk4 cwvg/ at 1.0 m/s if the boat is heading downstream? (1.0 分)

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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29#

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A boat can travel 4.0 m/s in still water. With whrybi8u x87wps0 d t.i:by i(j*at speed, relative to the shore, does it move in a :0j.ti 8iw(7xdub r8isyb*py river that is flowing at 1.0 m/s if the boat is heading straight across the river? (1.0 分)

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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30#

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How fast should a moving clocky(+kwsgep w9o- (m;qs5ou4e g travel if it is to be observed by a stationary observer as running atp e-ges5;(9+sowmu4k(o gy qw one-half its normal rate? (1.0 分)

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.65 \; c$

C. $0.78 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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31#

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A spaceship takes a nonstop journey to a pl7h j f bq6)yx)ho,tn ,-ucut3a j34pbzhg*pb 2anet and returns in 10 hours according to a clock on the spaceship. If the speed of the spaceship is 0.80c, how much time has eja 6c2 - bop,h7jbx)hfgbt)un,33tqyh* pu z4lapsed on the Earth? (1.0 分)

A. $3.2 \; h$

B. $7.0 \; h$

C. $15 \; h$

D. $17 \; h$

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32#

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A set of twins, Andrea and Courtney, are initially 10 years old. While Courtnen 7/i4m .pbvi95hkhslk3 rg.cy remains on Earth, Andrea m .k3g7br/hk.lhi9c4 niv sp5rides on a space ship which travels away from Earth at a speed of 0.6c for five years (as measured by Courtney), then turns around and comes back at 0.6c. When Andrea returns, Courtney is 20 years old. How old is Andrea upon her return? (1.0 分)

A. $10 \; years$

B. $12 \; years$

C. $18 \; years$

D. $20 \; years$

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33#

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One 20-year-old twin brother takes a space trip with a s.(/ /wkrhk 3-qryvd3upj ljl5peed of 0.80c for 30 years according to a clock on the spaceship. Upon returning to the Earth, what is his own age and the age of the Earth-based tw/(/j 5hwpqjlly k u3d3krrv.- in brother? (1.0 分)

A. 20; 30

B. 30; 50

C. 50; 70

D. 70; 90

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34#

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A meter stick is moving toward you with a speed of 0.80c. What is ihc ) o1;ro7(3miw m fhfejw8ynj /:)mtts length? (1.0 分)

A. zero

B. $0.40 \; m$

C. $0.60 \; m$

D. $1.0 \; m$

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35#

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How fast would a rocket ship have to move to contract to half of its m yv l -kyt6avr62cdh h3im488bxl3 ,lproper length (as yxlc3 8y2advk-l4rhm lv h,im3b 668t observed by a stationary object)? (1.0 分)

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.65 \; c$

C. $0.78 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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36#

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The length of a spaceship is 10 m when it is at rest. If the sqm4s 5a4:zmem st+ ab/paceship travels by you with a speed of e+ bst4m z5a :q4ams/m0.70c, what length does it appear to you? (1.0 分)

A. $5.5 \; m$

B. $7.1 \; m$

C. $12 \; m$

D. $18 \; m$

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37#

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The closest star to oulb89jl ij 8az7r solar system is Alpha Centauri, which is 4.30 light years away. A spaceship with a constant speed of 0.800c relative to the Earthzbjl8i 8j9l 7a travels toward the star. What distance does the space ship travel according to a passenger on the ship? (1.0 分)

A. $2.58 \; ly$

B. $3.52 \; ly$

C. $4.12 \; ly$

D. $4.30 \; ly$

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38#

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The closest star to our solar system isnaaqi 32(di 8urce .9n9u6w nt Alpha Centauri, which is 4.30 light years away. A spaceship with a constant speed of 0.800c relative to the Earth travels toward the star. How much time crt99 u qaen.n8i a2u63d(n wiwould elapse on a clock on board the spaceship? (1.0 分)

A. $3.23 \; y$

B. $4.40 \; y$

C. $5.15 \; y$

D. $5.38 \; y$

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39#

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The closest star to our solar system is Alpha Centauri, wh7;2r oyhkro q5ich is 4.30 light years away. A spaceship with a constant speed of 0.800c relative to the Earth travels toward the star. How much time would elapse on a clock on th5;qykroor 27 he Earth? (1.0 分)

A. $3.23 \; y$

B. $4.40 \; y$

C. $5.15 \; y$

D. $5.38 \; y$

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40#

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An electron is traveling at 0.85c. What isz(4ym4 w-f1*b t pal9cwvd: ya its mass? (The rest mass is $9.11 \times 10^{-31} \; kg$.) (1.0 分)

A. $1.4 \times 10^{-29} \; kg$

B. $7.2 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

C. $1.7 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

D. $2.4 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

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41#

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What is the speed of a proton if its mass iszkj tvl 7xy4w)+.fuq+9 lw ft: twice its rest mass? (1.0 分)

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.68 \; c$

C. $0.73 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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42#

单选题搜藏此题

If the velocity of your spaceship goes from 0.3 ( cpaj-gw uxody6*((qc to 0.6 c, then your mass will py gua(*( wqd (6ojcx-increase by (1.0 分)

A. 19%.

B. 38%.

C. 100%.

D. 200%.

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43#

单选题搜藏此题

What is the momentum iqq). fn,:x sprod3l-daxi qq8 y; ow.6n $kg \cdot m/s$ of a proton when it is moving with a speed of 0.60c? (1.0 分)

A. $1.2 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

C. $3.0 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

D. $3.8 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

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44#

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During a reaction, an element ug(/n),fjch27jv kx,-d g zzlloses $4.8 \times 10^{-28} \; kg$ of mass. How much energy (in Joules) is released? (1.0 分)

A. $4.3 \times 10^{-11} \; J$

B. $1.4 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $1.6 \times 10^{-36} \; J$

D. $5.3 \times 10^{-45} \; J$

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45#

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During a reaction, $1.7 \times 10^{-4} \; J$ of energy is released. What change of mass would cause this? (1.0 分)

A. $5.1 \times 10^{-4} \; kg$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{-13} \; kg$

C. $4.8 \times 10^{-18} \; kg$

D. $1.9 \times 10^{-21} \; kg$

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46#

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How much energy would be released if 2g9elnl oln txnta1u;011,huh;x *3dj .0 kg of material was lost during a reaction?;ejll;3119l ouxh1n h ndnxuatgt* 0, (1.0 分)

A. $1.8 \times 10^{17} \; J$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{16} \; J$

C. $6.0 \times 10^{8} \; J$

D. $4.7 \times 10^{-8} \; J$

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47#

单选题搜藏此题

The amount of energy equivalent to two kilot3 ggadys 2w*41n2tgmgram of mass at rest is (1.0 分)

A. $18 \times 10^{16} \; J$.

B. $3.0 \times 10^{8} \; J$.

C. $9.0 \times 10^{16} \; J$.

D. none of the given answers

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48#

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The atomic bomb that was dropped on Nagasaki in 1945 killed 140,000 people, heljzw-5 q2rqy4 qw iwt44ping to end World War II on the next day. It released energy equivalent to thaiqq52 twz 4wq4w4jry- t of 20,000 tons of TNT explosive. How much mass was converted to energy when this took place? (1000 tons of TNT = $4.3 \times 10^{12} \; J$) Incidentally, modern H-bombs have energy yields 1000 times as much! (1.0 分)

A. $1 \; g$

B. $10 \; g$

C. $100 \; g$

D. $1 \; kg$

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49#

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The kinetic energy of a proton is 80% of its t7rg -gw;4b guf jo-yz:otal energy. What is the speed of the prooju:g wf-;ggr b-y7z4ton? (1.0 分)

A. $0.02 \; c$

B. $0.87 \; c$

C. $0.98 \; c$

D. $1.0 \; c$

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50#

单选题搜藏此题

The kinetic energy of a protonq dbj)4ms.z +hl/*qla is 80% of its total energy. What is the momentum imd +q/)qhj *.l alb4zsn $kg \cdot m/s$ of the proton? (1.0 分)

A. $5.0 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

B. $2.5 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

C. $5.0 \times 10^{-18} \; kg \cdot m/s$

D. $2.5 \times 10^{-18} \; kg \cdot m/s$

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51#

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What energy is releaqt ip5k3:l,p ksed (in MeV) during a reaction in which $1.67 \times 10^{-25} \; kg$ of material is converted to energy? (1.0 分)

A. $5.0 \times 10^{-14} \; MeV$

B. $4.1 \times 10^{-7} \; MeV$

C. $3.1 \times 10^{-4} \; MeV$

D. $9.4 \times 10^{4} \; MeV$

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52#

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How much mass is lost t5p gfpqavdmtm 9q-h0rfg h::e ):s(1rv:(ulduring a reaction in which $1.7 \times 10^{8} \; MeV$ of energy is released? (1.0 分)

A. $1.8 \times 10^{-8} \; kg$

B. $5.7 \times 10^{-9} \; kg$

C. $1.9 \times 10^{-17} \; kg$

D. $3.0 \times 10^{-22} \; kg$

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53#

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What is the total energy of an electron moving with a speed of 0.9jbby 8 3myy/- q6 wkrqk6*xw:f5c? (1.0 分)

A. $2.6 \times 10^{-13} \; J$

B. $8.2 \times 10^{-14} \; J$

C. $1.1 \times 10^{-13} \; J$

D. $1.2 \times 10^{-14} \; J$

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54#

单选题搜藏此题

How many joules of energy are r0r/y gga46kb dequired to accelerate one kilogram of mass from rest to a velocity of 0.866bgyag kd4 r/06 c? (1.0 分)

A. $1.8 \times 10^{17} \; J$

B. $9.0 \times 10^{16} \; J$

C. $3.0 \times 10^{3} \; J$

D. none of the given answers

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55#

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In a nuclear plant, ha 7i*9gnwv q4 )thtj-1q,xua s40v rr$1017$ J of energy is available from mass conversion. How much mass was lost? (1.0 分)

A. $0.1 \; kg$

B. $1 \; kg$

C. $10 \; kg$

D. $100 \; kg$

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56#

单选题搜藏此题

An electron is accelerated through 100 kV. By what f65t sph:ct q*uactor has its mass increased with respect to itsp:t* 5qt 6uchs rest mass? (1.0 分)

A. 1.20

B. 1.55

C. 4.25

D. 8.00

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57#

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You are in a rocket traveling away f/me-uh/pgi01iuj:zy( lnaj 1rom the Sun at 0.95c. You measure the speed of light from thea1hn:g(1mj/up y/0z u lijei- Sun to be (1.0 分)

A. 0.05c.

B. 0.95c.

C. 1.0c.

D. cannot be determined without knowing the frequency of the light

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58#

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Two spaceships are traveling thil b umq0,p-vd fthgu8vit.t(o g66/0rough space at 0.60 c relative to the Earth. If the ships are headed directly toward eaodb ,t6 6qul8p0fvgt/v.giuh m(t0 i-ch other, what is their approach velocity, as measured by a person on either craft? (1.0 分)

A. $1.2 \; c$

B. $c$

C. $0.60 \; c$

D. none of the given answers

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59#

单选题搜藏此题

A fast spaceship is traveling with a speed-dt f70 u7aqm1ta7qj+ s r-yju of 0.80c. How fast would light travel fr71f-ut7rasjmtdq 7j-au +0y qom the headlights of the ship relative to a stationary observer? (1.0 分)

A. $0.20 \; c$

B. $0.80 \; c$

C. $1.0 \; c$

D. $1.8 \; c$

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60#

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A spaceship moves away from the Earth wisrjhj 9xx)i +ayu g/8t1p ur6c0v/w) cth a speed of 0.80c. The spaceship then fires a missile with a speed of 0.50c relative to the spaceship. What is the velocity of the mir)r9//tc s8cx wi61yu 0phvga x+)jjussile measured by observers on the Earth if the missile is fired away from the Earth? (1.0 分)

A. $0.30 \; c$

B. $0.50 \; c$

C. $0.93 \; c$

D. $1.3 \; c$

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61#

单选题搜藏此题

A spaceship moves away from the Earth w6 3r/nf:bg )0qrafs0+azsqp cgdtf.+ith a speed of 0.80c. The spaceship then fires a missile with a speed of 0.50c relative +f 60rnr0c+a.s/:a3gzftdpgqbqs f)to the spaceship. What is the velocity of the missile measured by observers on the Earth if the missile is fired toward the Earth? (1.0 分)

A. $0.30 \; c$

B. $0.50 \; c$

C. $0.93 \; c$

D. $1.3 \; c$

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