Physics Unit26: Special Theory of Relativity - WebAssign

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习题练习：Physics Unit26: Special Theory of Relativity
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作者: physics

答题人: 匿名未登录开始时间: 23年05月01日 10:04 切换到: 单题模式

1#

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You are riding in a spaceship that0e8a yr6zhb4x has no windows, radios, or other means for you to observe or measure what is outside. You wish to determine if the ship is stopped or moving at constant velocity. What sher60z4 bh xay8ould you do? (1.0 分)

A. You can determine if the ship is moving by determining the apparent velocity of light.

B. You can determine if the ship is moving by checking your precision time piece. If it's running slow, the ship is moving.

C. You can determine if the ship is moving either by determining the apparent velocity of light or by checking your precision time piece. If it's running slow, the ship is moving.

D. You should give up because you have taken on an impossible task.

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2#

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The Michelson-Morley experiment was desigdg) whs1; ft7i iwom4.ned to measure (1.0 分)

A. the relativistic mass of the electron.

B. the relativistic energy of the electron.

C. the velocity of the Earth relative to the ether.

D. the acceleration of gravity on the Earth's surface.

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3#

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Michelson and Morley concluded fr 9zzm7w: m6pip+6hcbp:sk(mg om the results of their experiment that (1.0 分)

A. the experiment was a failure since there was no detectable shift in the interference pattern.

B. the experiment was successful in not detecting a shift in the interference pattern.

C. the experiment was a failure since they detected a shift in the interference pattern.

D. the experiment was successful in detecting a shift in the interference pattern.

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4#

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You can build an interferometer yourself if you use tht0 2ge9 nm/. 9/z7wslxcqmbsbe following components: (1.0 分)

A. a light source, a detector screen, a partially silvered mirror, a flat mirror, and a glass plate.

B. a light source, a detector screen, two partially silvered mirrors, and a glass plate.

C. a light source, a detector screen, two partially silvered mirrors, a flat mirror, and a glass plate.

D. a light source, a detector screen, a partially silvered mirror, two flat mirrors, and a glass plate.

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5#

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State the relativity 0rv*z b * sx:e-(zjnfzprinciple. (1.0 分)

该题自我估分: (必填) (满分:1.0分)

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6#

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State the three unprovable ass,dx ewbcy h/7t*pl9wk..m2 scumptions of Galilean-Newtonian relativity. (1.0 分)

该题自我估分: (必填) (满分:1.0分)

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7#

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The theory of special reigc; q5gg:k k7lativity (1.0 分)

A. is based on a complex mathematical analysis.

B. has not been verified by experiment.

C. does not agree with Newtonian mechanics.

D. does not agree with electromagnetic theory.

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8#

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One of Einstein's postulates in g*p fdaf xf7wsb);/t/n;ts)b7 lwl;fvg p+ *s formulating the special theory of relativity was that the laws of physics are the same in refere*n))7; v td/s ss*bal/gf lwxtpgf;p ;b+7fwfnce frames that (1.0 分)

A. accelerate.

B. move at constant velocity with respect to an inertial frame.

C. oscillate.

D. are stationary, but not in moving frames.

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9#

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State the first postulate )hf2/q6nw:xit pw0x yof special relativity. (1.0 分)

该题自我估分: (必填) (满分:1.0分)

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10#

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State the second postulate of special relativitxs rlt*xfwe ;emb81u0 )9;mk fy. (1.0 分)

该题自我估分: (必填) (满分:1.0分)

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11#

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If you were to measure your pulse rate while infnl+/,qo)- tl*o u9e(iqlg fn 1/v wym a spaceship moving away from the Sun at a spn,ei)-omlnw+19v/* g lu tff ( ql/yoqeed close to the speed of light, you would find that it was (1.0 分)

A. much faster than normal.

B. much slower than normal.

C. the same as it was here on Earth.

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12#

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Relative to a stationary u;sy0:qai6fqoi 7a(k observer, a moving clock (1.0 分)

A. always runs slower than normal.

B. always runs faster than normal.

C. keeps its normal time.

D. can do any of the above. It depends on the relative velocity between the observer and the clock.

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13#

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The gamma factor is definedi zqv(eh3**on. sv. pt as $\gamma = 1 / \sqrt{1- (v/c)^2}$, therefore gamma ($\gamma$) (1.0 分)

A. can be zero.

B. can be any number less than or equal to one.

C. can be any number greater than or equal to one.

D. cannot equal one.

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14#

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Suppose one twin takes a ride in a t *.gr bdnedm6x)a ttu1h9s 32space ship traveling at a very high speed to a distant star and back again, while the other twin rema1)6eatxt m32.hb td9sgu*r dn ins on Earth. The twin that remained on Earth predicts that the astronaut twin is (1.0 分)

A. younger.

B. the same age.

C. older.

D. cannot be determined from the given information

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15#

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Relative to a stationary observer, a mo kd4f o3,3+6lnshxvas ving object (1.0 分)

A. appears shorter than normal.

B. appears longer than normal.

C. keeps its same length time.

D. can do any of the above. It depends on the relative velocity between the observer and the object.

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16#

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An object moves in a direction parallel to its length with a f:h+ut1mn lvl) )(jv lvelocity that approaches the velocity of light. The width of this object, as measured by l1f j: l mtlvvh(nu)+)a stationary observer, (1.0 分)

A. approaches infinity.

B. approaches zero.

C. increases slightly.

D. does not change.

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17#

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An object moves in a direction parallel to its ifi)) h7g qzk/length with a velocity that approa )hg7)zqfk/ii ches the velocity of light. The length of this object, as measured by a stationary observer, (1.0 分)

A. approaches infinity.

B. approaches zero.

C. increases slightly.

D. does not change.

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18#

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As the speed of a particle approachest mhvq82d,5auq9 wug,e(g h 7m the speed of light, the mass of the particlmu 72ghq 5ua em8wtvdh9 ,g(,qe (1.0 分)

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains the same.

D. approaches zero.

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19#

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As the speed of a particle approaches the speed o qtr5kl:tp+8cf light, the momentum of the pa8qttr: lc5+ kprticle (1.0 分)

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains the same.

D. approaches zero.

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20#

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A spear is thrown by you at a vers8tah sotvvfs0j4 i4:0rk; 6z y high speed. As it passes, you measure its length at one-r4 fh6iz 80vv;o :jtas4stk0shalf its normal length. From this measurement, you conclude that the moving spear's mass must be (1.0 分)

A. one-half its rest mass.

B. twice its rest mass.

C. four times its rest mass.

D. none of the given answers

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21#

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What happens to the kinetic energy of a speedy proton when its relativistic mas7ag4 i 4 j-9onglgb :eivzg0:ts douz gign vib:e90ot:4ga4 l jg-7bles? (1.0 分)

A. It doubles.

B. It more than doubles.

C. It less than doubles.

D. It must increase, but it is impossible to say by how much.

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22#

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What happens to the total relativistic energy of a speedy prodg0wd3c+ 89skt6xo 1 i)aecm/gfd 4zd ton when its relativistic mass doug ofs6z4di)kdgc a t0 emd+1 dx93w/c8bles? (1.0 分)

A. It doubles.

B. It more than doubles.

C. It less than doubles.

D. It must increase, but it is impossible to say by how much.

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23#

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Consider a particle ou *vtm hq *;qj 9)+zvmnc:)byyf mass $m$ and rest mass $m_0$. Which of the following is the correct expression for the kinetic energy of such a particle? (1.0 分)

A. $\frac{1}{2} m_0 v^2$

B. $\frac{1}{2} m v^2$

C. $m c^2 - m_0 c^2$

D. $\frac{1}{2}(mc^2 - m_0 c^2)$

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24#

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Consider two spaceships, each traveling at a+r e,( cv)qlr0.50c in a straight line. Ship A is moving directly away from the Sun and ship B is approaching the Sun. The science o+cqrl era ,(v)fficers on each ship measure the velocity of light coming from the Sun. What do they measure for this velocity? (1.0 分)

A. Ship A measures it as less than c, and ship B measures it as greater than c.

B. Ship B measures it as less than c, and ship A measures it as greater than c.

C. On both ships it is measured to be less than c.

D. On both ships it is measured to be exactly c.

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25#

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Which of the following depends on the observer's u; v2r)wiy/*l1tg c g6mvnm 7cframe of reference? (1.0 分)

A. the mass of the proton

B. the length of a meter stick

C. the half-life of a muon

D. all of the given answers

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26#

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As the velocity of your spaceship inc7)na3gke.bvj 5w(hc) z i: ebrreases, you would observe (1.0 分)

A. that your precision clock runs slower than normal.

B. that the length of your spaceship has decreased.

C. that your mass has increased.

D. all of the given answers

E. none of the given answers

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27#

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A boat can travel 4.0 m/s in still 2*3h4izckrwa+ xnc1 u water. With what speed, relative to the shore, does it move in a river that is flowing at 1.0 m/s if the buchi 2xwz+4k*cnra 13 oat is heading upstream? (1.0 分)

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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28#

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A boat can travel 4.0 m/s in still water. With what speed, relati esdn91s* oi5vve to the shore, does it move in a river that is flowing at 1.0 m/s if the boae5s dosin1v9 *t is heading downstream? (1.0 分)

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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29#

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A boat can travel 4.0 m/s in still water. With what speed, relat+r1 icvlend . *a9pc9tive to the shore, does it move in a river that is flowing at 1.0 m/s if the boat is heading straighp+.el 9cnirc 19dv* att across the river? (1.0 分)

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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30#

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How fast should a mom1gg3b0oi u)(hcp9 fv2f) bhwving clock travel if it is to be observed by a stationary observer as running at one-halfbc)mfbg(ifpv)who g219h3u0 its normal rate? (1.0 分)

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.65 \; c$

C. $0.78 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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31#

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A spaceship takes a nonstop journey to a planet and returns in 10 hbbo s/0fb: pi-m0v 3azours according to a clock on the spaceship. If the speed of the spaceshipvfs z i-am0pb b0/ob:3 is 0.80c, how much time has elapsed on the Earth? (1.0 分)

A. $3.2 \; h$

B. $7.0 \; h$

C. $15 \; h$

D. $17 \; h$

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32#

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A set of twins, Andrea and Courtney,fh x5s82 ynr6ikedq)2 are initially 10 years old. While Courtney remains on Earth, Andrea rides on a space ship which travels away from Earth at a speed of 0.6c for five years (as measured by Courtney), then turns around and comes back at 0.6c. When Andrea returns, Courtney is 20 years old. Hok 8y2ex hr25fd6si n)qw old is Andrea upon her return? (1.0 分)

A. $10 \; years$

B. $12 \; years$

C. $18 \; years$

D. $20 \; years$

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33#

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One 20-year-old twin brother takes a spac 8/y86fr zlb6 t(vwygk j7dw.t(l ix/jl9mo;ce trip with a speed of 0.80c for 30 years according to a clock on the spaceship. Upon returning to the Earth, what is his own age and the ag/l78 b.txj(6 mvgl kd/;8 woyr6 cjyzwl (t9ife of the Earth-based twin brother? (1.0 分)

A. 20; 30

B. 30; 50

C. 50; 70

D. 70; 90

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34#

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A meter stick is moving toward you with a speed of 0.80c. What is its l)n zj1)jqa5k ahq;t,p ength? (1.0 分)

A. zero

B. $0.40 \; m$

C. $0.60 \; m$

D. $1.0 \; m$

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35#

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How fast would a rocket ship 8* q68uj/tn vfq1 jdka1;oqmq have to move to contract to half of its proper length (as observed by a stati/18fj;6 njtv q*qm q8aukd1o qonary object)? (1.0 分)

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.65 \; c$

C. $0.78 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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36#

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The length of a spaceship is 10 m when it is at rest. If thehpxiy19j :nn lw;bb7 ) spaceship travels by you with a speed of 0.70c, what leni:lj 1b;hynxn) pw9 b7gth does it appear to you? (1.0 分)

A. $5.5 \; m$

B. $7.1 \; m$

C. $12 \; m$

D. $18 \; m$

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37#

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The closest star to our solar sy ywj +q(q2 :n ngr1):zrjdxak dmh53+ystem is Alpha Centauri, which is 4.30 light years away. A spaceship with a constant speed of 0.800c relative to the Earth travels toward ar +nx( )hdgyn :yqw+jkr:q2 5jd1z3mthe star. What distance does the space ship travel according to a passenger on the ship? (1.0 分)

A. $2.58 \; ly$

B. $3.52 \; ly$

C. $4.12 \; ly$

D. $4.30 \; ly$

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38#

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The closest star to our solar ki68/eb,csl o system is Alpha Centauri, which is 4.30 light years away. A spaceship with a constant speed of 0.800c relative to the Earth travels toward /s6,eib kl8co the star. How much time would elapse on a clock on board the spaceship? (1.0 分)

A. $3.23 \; y$

B. $4.40 \; y$

C. $5.15 \; y$

D. $5.38 \; y$

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39#

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The closest star to our s)by iwq x+*1wkolar system is Alpha Centauri, which is 4.30 light years away. A spaceship with a constant speed of 0.800c relative to the Earth travels toward the star. How much time would elapse on a clock onkx*y1 wb)iw+q the Earth? (1.0 分)

A. $3.23 \; y$

B. $4.40 \; y$

C. $5.15 \; y$

D. $5.38 \; y$

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40#

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An electron is traveling at 0.85c. What is its mass? va-hz yh3m -qj xp.b80(The rest mass is $9.11 \times 10^{-31} \; kg$.) (1.0 分)

A. $1.4 \times 10^{-29} \; kg$

B. $7.2 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

C. $1.7 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

D. $2.4 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

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41#

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What is the speed of a proton if l bb+-,c jqmy)si0;p han v c;x)o, ukm-kq(d/its mass is twice its rest mass? (1.0 分)

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.68 \; c$

C. $0.73 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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42#

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If the velocity of your spaceship goes fr+)(n0 rppwre rom 0.3 c to 0.6 c, then your mass will increase by+(r 0rppn rew) (1.0 分)

A. 19%.

B. 38%.

C. 100%.

D. 200%.

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43#

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What is the momentumuj g))7vpkhelv3v) 4e in $kg \cdot m/s$ of a proton when it is moving with a speed of 0.60c? (1.0 分)

A. $1.2 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

C. $3.0 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

D. $3.8 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

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44#

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During a reaction, an element losesp +5mw40wypzz $4.8 \times 10^{-28} \; kg$ of mass. How much energy (in Joules) is released? (1.0 分)

A. $4.3 \times 10^{-11} \; J$

B. $1.4 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $1.6 \times 10^{-36} \; J$

D. $5.3 \times 10^{-45} \; J$

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45#

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During a reaction, $1.7 \times 10^{-4} \; J$ of energy is released. What change of mass would cause this? (1.0 分)

A. $5.1 \times 10^{-4} \; kg$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{-13} \; kg$

C. $4.8 \times 10^{-18} \; kg$

D. $1.9 \times 10^{-21} \; kg$

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46#

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How much energy would b:qiwf1(uqc ea1 5ap/se released if 2.0 kg of material was lost during a reaction (aiq/1p:qu sf1w5eca? (1.0 分)

A. $1.8 \times 10^{17} \; J$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{16} \; J$

C. $6.0 \times 10^{8} \; J$

D. $4.7 \times 10^{-8} \; J$

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47#

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The amount of energy equivalent to two kilogram of id7oi5mg, dq*,1lcx4u ,kof z mass at rest is (1.0 分)

A. $18 \times 10^{16} \; J$.

B. $3.0 \times 10^{8} \; J$.

C. $9.0 \times 10^{16} \; J$.

D. none of the given answers

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48#

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The atomic bomb that was dropped on Nagasaki in 1945 killed nqoa;yj. b+(x 8vwh8cewk7s7 140,000 people, helping to end World War II on the next day. It released energy equivalenk7owh7cbse.j aw; + (yv8xq8nt to that of 20,000 tons of TNT explosive. How much mass was converted to energy when this took place? (1000 tons of TNT = $4.3 \times 10^{12} \; J$) Incidentally, modern H-bombs have energy yields 1000 times as much! (1.0 分)

A. $1 \; g$

B. $10 \; g$

C. $100 \; g$

D. $1 \; kg$

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49#

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The kinetic energy of a proton is 80% of its total energy. What iscf0)r )xm0wv p the speed ofv w) 0cpx)rm0f the proton? (1.0 分)

A. $0.02 \; c$

B. $0.87 \; c$

C. $0.98 \; c$

D. $1.0 \; c$

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50#

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The kinetic energy of a proton is 80%*d;ou)rjg5w u of its total energy. What is the momentum )o 5u*jdwgur;in $kg \cdot m/s$ of the proton? (1.0 分)

A. $5.0 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

B. $2.5 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

C. $5.0 \times 10^{-18} \; kg \cdot m/s$

D. $2.5 \times 10^{-18} \; kg \cdot m/s$

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51#

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What energy is released (in MeV) d4jf3qpks3 g3 g8y 5jadn+roz3uring a reaction in which $1.67 \times 10^{-25} \; kg$ of material is converted to energy? (1.0 分)

A. $5.0 \times 10^{-14} \; MeV$

B. $4.1 \times 10^{-7} \; MeV$

C. $3.1 \times 10^{-4} \; MeV$

D. $9.4 \times 10^{4} \; MeV$

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52#

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How much mass is lost during a react )pw.pvs3d:;ld 0dkxuion in which $1.7 \times 10^{8} \; MeV$ of energy is released? (1.0 分)

A. $1.8 \times 10^{-8} \; kg$

B. $5.7 \times 10^{-9} \; kg$

C. $1.9 \times 10^{-17} \; kg$

D. $3.0 \times 10^{-22} \; kg$

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53#

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What is the total energy of an electron movinclf + vnn*73 /epaz6bl7/cp1j3nnlkvm3)aopg with a speed of 0.95c? (1.0 分)

A. $2.6 \times 10^{-13} \; J$

B. $8.2 \times 10^{-14} \; J$

C. $1.1 \times 10^{-13} \; J$

D. $1.2 \times 10^{-14} \; J$

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54#

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How many joules of energy are required to accelerate one kilogram of mass from /hjhw5 -kw, ahth8 wy*9l/nsm,/wc dk rest to a 9-8ylkhkn,5hsm/w*h ,/ dtw/ch wawj velocity of 0.866 c? (1.0 分)

A. $1.8 \times 10^{17} \; J$

B. $9.0 \times 10^{16} \; J$

C. $3.0 \times 10^{3} \; J$

D. none of the given answers

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55#

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In a nuclear plant, vhb i +w7iqke:zys956$1017$ J of energy is available from mass conversion. How much mass was lost? (1.0 分)

A. $0.1 \; kg$

B. $1 \; kg$

C. $10 \; kg$

D. $100 \; kg$

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56#

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An electron is accelerated through 100 kV) gxo2 98ytjsua g2.in3 aqeu+. By what factor has its mass increased with respect to its reusxana2i)2+u3jg t.gy e 8 oq9st mass? (1.0 分)

A. 1.20

B. 1.55

C. 4.25

D. 8.00

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57#

单选题搜藏此题

You are in a rocket traveling away from the Sun at 0.95c. You measure the speed0ejf n 6 yhl)u*8gubl;ux2f 0v of light from the Sun to vx*8uyb l02efj hgun) l0fu6;be (1.0 分)

A. 0.05c.

B. 0.95c.

C. 1.0c.

D. cannot be determined without knowing the frequency of the light

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58#

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Two spaceships are traveling through space at 0.60 c relative to the1icldu8e1 a wm- ;/l8mamy:py Earth. If the ships are headed directly toward each other, what is their approach velocity, as measured by a m; y:1mmucpi y8ale-a1 8/dlwperson on either craft? (1.0 分)

A. $1.2 \; c$

B. $c$

C. $0.60 \; c$

D. none of the given answers

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59#

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A fast spaceship is traveling with a speed of 0.80c. How fast would gua3-6mm(drelight travel from the hea(3 ge ur-dm6madlights of the ship relative to a stationary observer? (1.0 分)

A. $0.20 \; c$

B. $0.80 \; c$

C. $1.0 \; c$

D. $1.8 \; c$

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60#

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A spaceship moves away from the Earth with a speed of 0.80c. The spaceshiv6xm7 azpefk.pgz m m+v6q.e8+6zc9t p then fires a mif zzx+6qtem 66z7+vvpc 9ma pg8e..mkssile with a speed of 0.50c relative to the spaceship. What is the velocity of the missile measured by observers on the Earth if the missile is fired away from the Earth? (1.0 分)

A. $0.30 \; c$

B. $0.50 \; c$

C. $0.93 \; c$

D. $1.3 \; c$

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61#

单选题搜藏此题

A spaceship moves away from the Earth wkkfgh 6lm 0ur20rtgol v iv1r- lclu)-d45b-5 ith a speed of 0.80c. The spaceship then fires a missile with a speed of 0.50c relative to the spaceship. What is the velocity of the missile measured by obr5luklrlvfhuir064g-c2vomd-1 g k 5-) 0 ltbservers on the Earth if the missile is fired toward the Earth? (1.0 分)

A. $0.30 \; c$

B. $0.50 \; c$

C. $0.93 \; c$

D. $1.3 \; c$

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