Physics Unit31: Nuclear Energy and Radiation

1#

When a target nucleus is bombarded by an appropriate beam of particles, iv 3ra1mfg q;yfqa e794vx2+jv.u c1t st is poa+cm2fj;1 7q g.yv3 f91vte qaxrvu4sssible to produce (1.0 分)

A. a less massive nucleus, but not a more massive one.

B. a more massive nucleus, but not a less massive one.

C. a nucleus with smaller atomic number, but not one with a greater atomic number.

D. a nucleus with greater atomic number, but not one with a smaller atomic number.

E. a nucleus with either greater or smaller atomic number.

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2#

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The mass of a protonx8hs1;h8jup erkae*+ is $1.6726 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$ and the mass of a neutron is $1.6749 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$. A proton captures a neutron forming a deuterium nucleus. One would expect the mass of this nucleus to be (1.0 分)

A. equal to $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

B. less than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

C. greater than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

D. any of these; it depends on the energy released during the capture.

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3#

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In a nuclear reaction, what value is conserved in addition to electric 9q*-idyr :x: fo h8nilcharge, end- nx i8:ifohlq*:9y rergy, and momentum? (1.0 分)

A. atomic number

B. neutron number

C. nucleon number

D. none of the given answers

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4#

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A proton strikes an oxygen-18 nucleus producing fluorinht1u;jb x.ol 1e-18 and another particle. What other ob hj1. t;1xluparticle is produced by this nuclear reaction? (1.0 分)

A. a neutron

B. an $\alpha$ particle

C. an $b-$ particle

D. an $b+$ particle

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5#

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A nuclear reaction is said to be exothermic if the total kinetic ener5) zg0jzcpz8vvnv,us 6auf2 0gy is (1.0 分)

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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6#

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A nuclear reaction is said to be21p ;n5zfu hhk endothermic if the total kinetic energy is (1.0 分)

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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7#

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The process during which asw /:o,s)ch6lzqnq, t heavy nucleus such as uranium splits into two intermediate-sized nucleiwst/soq,l h 6,: zn)qc after being struck by a neutron is referred to as (1.0 分)

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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8#

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The process during which small nuclei camne w* ;kh09iombine to form larger ones is referred t9 aw*;k ni0ehmo as (1.0 分)

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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9#

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How does the total mass of the products of a nuclear fission reactiox2r em3- pixn5:gkxq/jr/ep3n compare to the mass of /xr :m qekn5rpjx exp2gi3/-3the original elements? (1.0 分)

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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10#

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How does the mass of the products of a nuclemhj6 ,:g+lvbdar fusion reaction compare to the mass ofv6bg,m:+ h djl the original elements? (1.0 分)

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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11#

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When light elements such as hydrogen undergcy;atf4mi 1tp -mpckbe 79f 44o fusion, (1.0 分)

A. there is a loss of mass.

B. there is an increase in mass.

C. there is no change in mass.

D. electric charge can be annihilated.

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12#

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The fuel for nuclear fissi 2z qjbsadai5y5vn9w/1/en ;yon is (1.0 分)

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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13#

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The fuel for nuclear fusiuc46e*-r q pn90 zdekwon in the center of the Sun is (1.0 分)

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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14#

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The energy radiated by a star, such r4j/h957fn o v3dvt tcas the Sun, results from (1.0 分)

A. beta decay.

B. alpha decay.

C. fission reactions.

D. fusion reactions.

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15#

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What is the source of the energy the Sun radiates to us?tatnx fk o3 -taq(,r 2od7ew72 (1.0 分)

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16#

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What is the principle difference between a hydrogen bombrfoc8 jshzl+g r yr9p 6zve)0i w4z2,i:*mzs: and a uranium bomb? (1.0 分)

A. A uranium bomb is an atomic bomb, and a hydrogen bomb is a nuclear bomb.

B. A uranium bomb utilizes a fission reaction whereas a hydrogen bomb utilizes a fusion reaction.

C. Both work on the same principle, but the hydrogen bomb has a higher yield.

D. A hydrogen bomb converts mass into energy, whereas a uranium bomb does not.

E. One results in radioactive fallout, and the other does not.

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17#

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One sometimes hears reference to a "20-kiloton" b0 9ak+hvl s/9zl jx;xvomb. What does this mean? (1.0 分)

A. It means 20,000 tons of nuclear explosive is used in the bomb.

B. It means that the number of "fissile" nuclei is equal to the number of trinitrotoluene molecules in 20,000 tons of TNT explosive.

C. It means that the total weight of the bomb (not just the uranium) is 20,000 tons.

D. It means that the energy released by the bomb is equal to the energy released when 20,000 tons of TNT is exploded.

E. This refers to the maximum pressure generated by the bomb when it explodes.

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18#

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What is the meaning of2 (ijt8(hk7vi0xia vz5.q2(mwo +iyp g4iixv the term "critical mass"? (1.0 分)

A. This refers to the mass of the "critical" elements in a reactor, i.e., the uranium or plutonium.

B. This refers to the minimum amount of fissionable material required to sustain a chain reaction.

C. This is the amount of mass needed to make a power reactor economically feasible.

D. This is the material which is just on the verge of becoming radioactive.

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19#

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A chain reaction can occw;grjj 58csavv8f7b q-ra; 4wur (1.0 分)

A. in any uranium core.

B. when critical mass is reached.

C. in the center of the Sun.

D. when the coolant is too hot.

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20#

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The chief hazard of radiation damage (u of0pxr)c+woz . v+krv mp- i(tic)(to living cells is (1.0 分)

A. due to ionization.

B. due to heating.

C. due to the creation of chemical impurities.

D. the creation of new isotopes within the body.

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21#

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What is necessary to sto s lqjvf 41qtvfzd3-)f1t lvm0+h*t l:p beta particles? (1.0 分)

A. air alone

B. paper

C. metal foil

D. thick metal

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22#

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What is created in pair produc(po doxy :1wi dd.du(.tion? (1.0 分)

A. a proton and a positron

B. an electron and an antiproton

C. an electron and a positron

D. an electron and a photon

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23#

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All of the following are units used to describe radiation .f7- k8y6 n:f wngstxxdosage in humans exceptkx-n8 sf6n7xftwy:g . (1.0 分)

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24#

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A unit that measures the effective dose of radiationdlrmqv ezv)sn;3w2w9 3d a+1a in a human is the (1.0 分)

A. curie.

B. RBE.

C. rad.

D. rem.

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25#

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When lead-207 (Z = 82) is bombarded with neutrons, it c+gfbz. .p5 f*;wzrzrbnl-fo / an change into (1.0 分)

A. lead-208.

B. lead-206.

C. tellurium-208 (Z = 81).

D. bismuth-208 (Z = 83).

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26#

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In the fission reactio)a d+f)f,ybp wn $^{235}U \;+\; ^{1}n \rightarrow ^{141}Ba \;+\; ^{92}Kr \;+\; neutrons$, the number of neutrons produced is (1.0 分)

A. zero.

B. 1.

C. 2.

D. 3.

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27#

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Complete the following nu: vh2xku8o8 mdxj6 t1wclear reaction: $^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^1_0 n \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$ (1.0 分)

A. $^{12} C$

B. $^{13} C$

C. $^{14} C$

D. $^{15} C$

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28#

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Complete the following nuclear reay8u3d- wh nn :2ebocp9ction: $^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{19}_{10} Ne$ (1.0 分)

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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29#

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Complete the following nuclear rea tw h t((opn8ad8q96s1ryw,irction: $^{38}_{19} K \;+\; ^1_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{38}_{20} Ca$ (1.0 分)

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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30#

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Complete the following nucl ki gms1ss ;joe:96jr0e6nc k2ear reaction: $^3_1 H \;+\; ^3_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$ (1.0 分)

A. 2($^1 p$)

B. 2($^1 n$)

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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31#

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Complete the following nucleary gpg )6sbw9+/b 7wzfe reaction: $^{27}_{13} Al (\alpha, n)$ produces (1.0 分)

A. $^{28} P$

B. $^{29} P$

C. $^{30} P$

D. $^{31} P$

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32#

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The Q value for a partiz9 f1gah8lej me+ *1qzcular reaction is -2.4 MeV, and the reaction's threshold energy is 9.6ql fhmaez 9* j81+zg1e0 MeV. What is the ratio of the mass of the incident particle to the mass of the stationary target nucleus? (1.0 分)

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33#

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Find the Q value of the f8r0)q zh dyf(xollowing reaction: $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$ (1.0 分)

A. -0.001279 u

B. -0.002179 u

C. -0.007219 u

D. -.0.009721 u

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34#

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Find the Q value of the fol 2a p,wn 4n+eveqhr:p9lowing reaction: $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$ (1.0 分)

A. $1.191 \; MeV$

B. $-1.191 \; MeV$

C. $1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

D. $-1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

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35#

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What is the Q value for hri3k8b0ndk ms0( 81x5yef obthe following reaction? $^{7} Li + ^1 p \rightarrow ^4 He + ^4 He$
The isotopic mass for $^7 Li$ is $7.016005 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1 p$ is $1.007825 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4 He$ is $4.002603 u$ (1.0 分)

A. $13.57 \; MeV$

B. $15.37 \; MeV$

C. $17.35 \; MeV$

D. $17.53 \; MeV$

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36#

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What is the energy of reaction of the g3 s 0pchv8/xwprocess $^9_4 Be \;(\alpha, n)\; ^{12}_6 C$? (1.0 分)

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37#

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What is the energy released (positive) or absorbq 9jd0o cutei:5kbg r.vdj 6.(h;o)-*mhnuqi ed (negative) in the following reaocd;ri0h(69 mu i*h.q :-bn equ)kjtvj.o5g dction? $^3 H \;+\; ^3 H = ^4 He \;+\; 2(^1 n)$
The isotopic mass for $^3H$ is 3.016049 u
The isotopic mass for $^4He$ is 4.002603 u
The isotopic mass for $^1n$ is 1.008665 u (1.0 分)

A. $0.0122 \; MeV$

B. $-0.0122 \; MeV$

C. $11.3 \; MeV$

D. $-11.3\; MeV$

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38#

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An X-ray technician takes an average of ten X-rays per day and receive c iak67szw4+ plj,i)as 2.5 mrad per X-ray. What is thec,) jak6izw74 pi+as l total dose the technician receives in 250 working days? (1.0 分)

A. $2.50 \; rem$

B. $5.00 \; rem$

C. $6.25 \; rem$

D. $7.75 \; rem$

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31	32	33	34	35	36	37	38