Physics Unit31: Nuclear Energy and Radiation

1#

When a target nucleus is bomba.2( n4ldrhi u0n lit1krded by an appropriate beam of particles, it is possibl i12dl4(. tkru0nli nhe to produce (1.0 分)

A. a less massive nucleus, but not a more massive one.

B. a more massive nucleus, but not a less massive one.

C. a nucleus with smaller atomic number, but not one with a greater atomic number.

D. a nucleus with greater atomic number, but not one with a smaller atomic number.

E. a nucleus with either greater or smaller atomic number.

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2#

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The mass of a proton ig.+vgm-) ufv mer tkl7d,g+s 3s $1.6726 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$ and the mass of a neutron is $1.6749 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$. A proton captures a neutron forming a deuterium nucleus. One would expect the mass of this nucleus to be (1.0 分)

A. equal to $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

B. less than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

C. greater than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

D. any of these; it depends on the energy released during the capture.

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3#

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In a nuclear reaction, what value is conserved in addition to electric bdq2k d/ps1jxq6z 0(ncharge, energy, and momentuq 60jnd2/pbk(dz x q1sm? (1.0 分)

A. atomic number

B. neutron number

C. nucleon number

D. none of the given answers

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4#

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A proton strikes an oxygen-18 nuch81 +e4 aejrdwleus producing fluorine-18 and another particle. What other partice ej 1ar+w8h4dle is produced by this nuclear reaction? (1.0 分)

A. a neutron

B. an $\alpha$ particle

C. an $b-$ particle

D. an $b+$ particle

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5#

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A nuclear reaction is said to be exothermic if the t6cmusjbwp .37*xpx7fotal kinetic energy is (1.0 分)

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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6#

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A nuclear reaction is r9e c-ufhz8-;o br nr tk:tb/zwd5 x,3said to be endothermic if the total kinetic energy is (1.0 分)

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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7#

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The process during which a heavy nucleus suchj fr2bxt gemsqbs156: .u-z-s as uranium splits into two intermediat s-rbz5 q1.- j:bmeg6u 2ftssxe-sized nuclei after being struck by a neutron is referred to as (1.0 分)

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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8#

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The process during which small nuclei combine to for) 2 1jx-sasairz+7cclz,y;yl m larger ones is referred to as2 sxcya7 c+l) s,rl-ziy;1jaz (1.0 分)

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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9#

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How does the total mass of the products of a nuclear fission reaction comparlz1 t7 skt(kr6a3 2znye to the mast lzas t (zrk7k1ny623s of the original elements? (1.0 分)

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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10#

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How does the mass of the products of a nucle; jxh w5tpb5.b8 5rpgfar fusion reaction compare to the massp; 5hx8bpj55 g.ftwr b of the original elements? (1.0 分)

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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11#

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When light elements such6ly wq7jy)-fnw;z2 tlrtt., q as hydrogen undergo fusion, (1.0 分)

A. there is a loss of mass.

B. there is an increase in mass.

C. there is no change in mass.

D. electric charge can be annihilated.

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12#

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The fuel for nuclear fissio q+ef9:cy7 aqwx2yd/ ordvh4 :n is (1.0 分)

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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13#

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The fuel for nuclear fusion in the center of the Sun is8-ww(;ymsh, ooqhop. (1.0 分)

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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14#

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The energy radiated by a star, such as the 9dqnb yk-a i5: 0wem7hSun, results from (1.0 分)

A. beta decay.

B. alpha decay.

C. fission reactions.

D. fusion reactions.

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15#

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What is the source of the energy idyh5/prx84qr (a m s 1me1v7kthe Sun radiates to us? (1.0 分)

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16#

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What is the principle difference between a hydrkqg7p /ezctg*i ,7kc *ogen bomb and a uranium bomb? (1.0 分)

A. A uranium bomb is an atomic bomb, and a hydrogen bomb is a nuclear bomb.

B. A uranium bomb utilizes a fission reaction whereas a hydrogen bomb utilizes a fusion reaction.

C. Both work on the same principle, but the hydrogen bomb has a higher yield.

D. A hydrogen bomb converts mass into energy, whereas a uranium bomb does not.

E. One results in radioactive fallout, and the other does not.

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17#

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One sometimes hears refere9 y5 6./rhraogexllz :nce to a "20-kiloton" bomb. What does this mean? (1.0 分)

A. It means 20,000 tons of nuclear explosive is used in the bomb.

B. It means that the number of "fissile" nuclei is equal to the number of trinitrotoluene molecules in 20,000 tons of TNT explosive.

C. It means that the total weight of the bomb (not just the uranium) is 20,000 tons.

D. It means that the energy released by the bomb is equal to the energy released when 20,000 tons of TNT is exploded.

E. This refers to the maximum pressure generated by the bomb when it explodes.

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18#

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What is the meaning of the term "cri rajsr,s )5kttl ;u-r)tical mass"? (1.0 分)

A. This refers to the mass of the "critical" elements in a reactor, i.e., the uranium or plutonium.

B. This refers to the minimum amount of fissionable material required to sustain a chain reaction.

C. This is the amount of mass needed to make a power reactor economically feasible.

D. This is the material which is just on the verge of becoming radioactive.

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19#

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A chain reaction can occ 2 1we,v0nayerur (1.0 分)

A. in any uranium core.

B. when critical mass is reached.

C. in the center of the Sun.

D. when the coolant is too hot.

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20#

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The chief hazard of radiation dam5n :mj7a,i /r-ajwwz1;5 io7epmor pkg94r d page to living cells is (1.0 分)

A. due to ionization.

B. due to heating.

C. due to the creation of chemical impurities.

D. the creation of new isotopes within the body.

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21#

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What is necessary to stop betl9zrw3cl:)7a/b a 3sgclom; wa particles? (1.0 分)

A. air alone

B. paper

C. metal foil

D. thick metal

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22#

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What is created in pair prodgi)rngoj82 m pk1+fg- uction? (1.0 分)

A. a proton and a positron

B. an electron and an antiproton

C. an electron and a positron

D. an electron and a photon

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23#

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All of the following are units used to describe radiation dosage d;mew v/yqil(z1i s 1v7f)guw6w t0j6 in humans excepd1 ijs wim q;w0lfwu6v6gv (te/yz17) t (1.0 分)

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24#

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A unit that measures the effective dose+r a01(p:o y(bgaoq/bzffd d - of radiation in a human is the (1.0 分)

A. curie.

B. RBE.

C. rad.

D. rem.

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25#

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When lead-207 (Z = 82) is bomba1( bi8 a avhls;3f7l2d+fsbg h xyr5p8rded with neutrons, it can change into (1.0 分)

A. lead-208.

B. lead-206.

C. tellurium-208 (Z = 81).

D. bismuth-208 (Z = 83).

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26#

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In the fission reactb4e 2yzk a7ey-lkspcry4b0 8- ion $^{235}U \;+\; ^{1}n \rightarrow ^{141}Ba \;+\; ^{92}Kr \;+\; neutrons$, the number of neutrons produced is (1.0 分)

A. zero.

B. 1.

C. 2.

D. 3.

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27#

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Complete the following nuclear reac ( o /9,txquhto3o3vbktion: $^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^1_0 n \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$ (1.0 分)

A. $^{12} C$

B. $^{13} C$

C. $^{14} C$

D. $^{15} C$

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28#

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Complete the following nuclear reaction:9q5l)((v e)0j6y ngtkuep ojo $^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{19}_{10} Ne$ (1.0 分)

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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29#

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Complete the following+t0ymjh:.wu8 rmy jols.vd;5 nuclear reaction: $^{38}_{19} K \;+\; ^1_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{38}_{20} Ca$ (1.0 分)

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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30#

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Complete the following nuclear reactxav5l* //skmcic7o7b sk-x st-00sgcion: $^3_1 H \;+\; ^3_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$ (1.0 分)

A. 2($^1 p$)

B. 2($^1 n$)

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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31#

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Complete the followingb(m 7)n1-cb9kby f1u bogmfmf wa+l 7( nuclear reaction: $^{27}_{13} Al (\alpha, n)$ produces (1.0 分)

A. $^{28} P$

B. $^{29} P$

C. $^{30} P$

D. $^{31} P$

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32#

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The Q value for a particular reaction is o1tgp s2d: (t j6ut+lsznvr8 2s3occ2 -2.4 MeV, and the reaction's threshold energy is 9.60 MeV. What is thzcn ( 1dvusp:g o82st+j2 rtt36 o2lsce ratio of the mass of the incident particle to the mass of the stationary target nucleus? (1.0 分)

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33#

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Find the Q value of the following reactfsi* 0 qb-b5ewion: $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$ (1.0 分)

A. -0.001279 u

B. -0.002179 u

C. -0.007219 u

D. -.0.009721 u

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34#

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Find the Q value of the following xehj +./n mb0)oh8 /p ;nmt1ba*ogagz reaction: $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$ (1.0 分)

A. $1.191 \; MeV$

B. $-1.191 \; MeV$

C. $1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

D. $-1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

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35#

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What is the Q value for the frp3id/67u(5 udxpc ecollowing reaction? $^{7} Li + ^1 p \rightarrow ^4 He + ^4 He$
The isotopic mass for $^7 Li$ is $7.016005 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1 p$ is $1.007825 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4 He$ is $4.002603 u$ (1.0 分)

A. $13.57 \; MeV$

B. $15.37 \; MeV$

C. $17.35 \; MeV$

D. $17.53 \; MeV$

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36#

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What is the energy of reac /aaaoi2;g3dyw x-4rby)a e a 8lb2+uqtion of the process $^9_4 Be \;(\alpha, n)\; ^{12}_6 C$? (1.0 分)

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37#

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What is the energy relerw*j6lr rqm20cx-ap5xu )m *p ased (positive) or absorbed (negative) in the following reacpc* prqrxuw 5m x*r06jmla)-2tion? $^3 H \;+\; ^3 H = ^4 He \;+\; 2(^1 n)$
The isotopic mass for $^3H$ is 3.016049 u
The isotopic mass for $^4He$ is 4.002603 u
The isotopic mass for $^1n$ is 1.008665 u (1.0 分)

A. $0.0122 \; MeV$

B. $-0.0122 \; MeV$

C. $11.3 \; MeV$

D. $-11.3\; MeV$

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An X-ray technician taksm(zmu0.wj +l)kbda 0es an average of ten X-rays per day and receives 2.5 mrad per X-ray. What is the total dose the technician receia0.u(kj )zs+0d mlbmwves in 250 working days? (1.0 分)

A. $2.50 \; rem$

B. $5.00 \; rem$

C. $6.25 \; rem$

D. $7.75 \; rem$

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