Physics Unit26: Special Theory of Relativity - WebAssign

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习题练习：Physics Unit26: Special Theory of Relativity
本Practice来源于WebAssign，是在线Practice的打印版，您也可以访问本平台网站(https://webassign.org/)直接在线完成(注册并登录账号后在首页左侧输入试卷号 325 即可在线作答)，，作答电子化后可随时回放，查看每题答案与详细解析，搜藏保存任意题目；教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。本试卷的直接作答链接 https://webassign.org/test325.html
作者: physics

答题人: 匿名未登录开始时间: 23年05月01日 10:04 切换到: 整卷模式

1#

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You are riding in a spaceship that has no windows, radios, or other means f,oj/o)aycv3gdx 2c(d upd t j,r.kks 9; )uf9yor you to observe or measure what is outside. You wi9c3o.aj ujkdyv2so, )up t g dkfyx;9/,( )rdcsh to determine if the ship is stopped or moving at constant velocity. What should you do? (1.0 分)

A. You can determine if the ship is moving by determining the apparent velocity of light.

B. You can determine if the ship is moving by checking your precision time piece. If it's running slow, the ship is moving.

C. You can determine if the ship is moving either by determining the apparent velocity of light or by checking your precision time piece. If it's running slow, the ship is moving.

D. You should give up because you have taken on an impossible task.

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2#

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The Michelson-Morley experiment was designed to m/h8v jlj2otuf5 *wy/deasure (1.0 分)

A. the relativistic mass of the electron.

B. the relativistic energy of the electron.

C. the velocity of the Earth relative to the ether.

D. the acceleration of gravity on the Earth's surface.

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3#

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Michelson and Morley concluded m409oqrf)oh7a *tiia from the results of their experiment that (1.0 分)

A. the experiment was a failure since there was no detectable shift in the interference pattern.

B. the experiment was successful in not detecting a shift in the interference pattern.

C. the experiment was a failure since they detected a shift in the interference pattern.

D. the experiment was successful in detecting a shift in the interference pattern.

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4#

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You can build an interferometer yoursl78a4ckgll hpv.re ./elf if you use the following components: (1.0 分)

A. a light source, a detector screen, a partially silvered mirror, a flat mirror, and a glass plate.

B. a light source, a detector screen, two partially silvered mirrors, and a glass plate.

C. a light source, a detector screen, two partially silvered mirrors, a flat mirror, and a glass plate.

D. a light source, a detector screen, a partially silvered mirror, two flat mirrors, and a glass plate.

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5#

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State the relativity pr;lxo: uy zxu30inciple. (1.0 分)

该题自我估分: (必填) (满分:1.0分)

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6#

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State the three unprovable assumptions of Galile: m5t1ccw nxh2an-Newtonian relativity. (1.0 分)

该题自我估分: (必填) (满分:1.0分)

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7#

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The theory of special m(j k ocucxl5+/t q*c-relativity (1.0 分)

A. is based on a complex mathematical analysis.

B. has not been verified by experiment.

C. does not agree with Newtonian mechanics.

D. does not agree with electromagnetic theory.

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8#

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One of Einstein's postuewp p9ak 8zo 4,zw zmu;,ox1+blates in formulating the special theory of relativity was that the laws of physics are 8mww bz+u1ke4 oazpxz;o9 p,,the same in reference frames that (1.0 分)

A. accelerate.

B. move at constant velocity with respect to an inertial frame.

C. oscillate.

D. are stationary, but not in moving frames.

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9#

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State the first postulate of spe-5/lrh/tyw b icial relativity. (1.0 分)

该题自我估分: (必填) (满分:1.0分)

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10#

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State the second postulate of unm3a2 ii6tepk06j- o special relativity. (1.0 分)

该题自我估分: (必填) (满分:1.0分)

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11#

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If you were to measure your pulse rate while in a spaceship moving away from th0y6) n n ae nyc0yourn;s2*2ove Sun at a0y;unc )0 r62*2 ayvnoenno sy speed close to the speed of light, you would find that it was (1.0 分)

A. much faster than normal.

B. much slower than normal.

C. the same as it was here on Earth.

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12#

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Relative to a stationary ofjpuq* a*zj k. t/7oi4bserver, a moving clock (1.0 分)

A. always runs slower than normal.

B. always runs faster than normal.

C. keeps its normal time.

D. can do any of the above. It depends on the relative velocity between the observer and the clock.

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13#

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The gamma factor is defined 0m1 kvtj;blvs;-dh m, as $\gamma = 1 / \sqrt{1- (v/c)^2}$, therefore gamma ($\gamma$) (1.0 分)

A. can be zero.

B. can be any number less than or equal to one.

C. can be any number greater than or equal to one.

D. cannot equal one.

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14#

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Suppose one twin takes a ride in a space ship traveling at a very i.ekt *m1 n.lmhigh speed to a distant star and back again, while the other twin remains ..m1ilnk*mte on Earth. The twin that remained on Earth predicts that the astronaut twin is (1.0 分)

A. younger.

B. the same age.

C. older.

D. cannot be determined from the given information

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15#

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Relative to a stationary observer, a jt7qfd oy(xm0d.8e 55lw8h mzmoving object (1.0 分)

A. appears shorter than normal.

B. appears longer than normal.

C. keeps its same length time.

D. can do any of the above. It depends on the relative velocity between the observer and the object.

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16#

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An object moves in a direction puro3ikzb:b(h b.0 o.sarallel to its length with a velocity that approaches the velocity of light. The width os.bk. boh(i zuorb 3:0f this object, as measured by a stationary observer, (1.0 分)

A. approaches infinity.

B. approaches zero.

C. increases slightly.

D. does not change.

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17#

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An object moves in a direction parallel to its length with a velocity txqi.w81cwu2rb ka7 z)hat approaches the velocity of light. The length of this objecwbwar)k .u 12qcx87zi t, as measured by a stationary observer, (1.0 分)

A. approaches infinity.

B. approaches zero.

C. increases slightly.

D. does not change.

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18#

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As the speed of a particle approaches the sp-s uikcnz:3r0 9r7obceed of light, the mass of the particle3 bzsroc:70iu-rnck 9 (1.0 分)

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains the same.

D. approaches zero.

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19#

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As the speed of a particle approaches the spelvt )e9)o/yb6:ew qymn6ld4ted of light, the momentum of the partt9ovmdle y6lywq n6t)4 )/: ebicle (1.0 分)

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains the same.

D. approaches zero.

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20#

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A spear is thrown by you at a ver z*j+b7v d9fkp iaz(+jy high speed. As it passes, you measure its length at one-half its normal length. From this measurement, you conclude that the moving spear's mass b(9pj k+d7iav * zf+zjmust be (1.0 分)

A. one-half its rest mass.

B. twice its rest mass.

C. four times its rest mass.

D. none of the given answers

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21#

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What happens to the kinetic en9iv/0m8nfisn :/ )zmresa oy4ergy of a speedy proton when its relativistic mass )n//:9eos8mi i4 nyvm 0 rfzsadoubles? (1.0 分)

A. It doubles.

B. It more than doubles.

C. It less than doubles.

D. It must increase, but it is impossible to say by how much.

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22#

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What happens to the total relativistickalr8 b6) 5nhe4hjd 0j energy of a speedy proton when its relativistic mass doubles?) a06l584n hk hjderbj (1.0 分)

A. It doubles.

B. It more than doubles.

C. It less than doubles.

D. It must increase, but it is impossible to say by how much.

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23#

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Consider a particle of mass b pmtlk1;ab5/i1o4 ony2s 6 no$m$ and rest mass $m_0$. Which of the following is the correct expression for the kinetic energy of such a particle? (1.0 分)

A. $\frac{1}{2} m_0 v^2$

B. $\frac{1}{2} m v^2$

C. $m c^2 - m_0 c^2$

D. $\frac{1}{2}(mc^2 - m_0 c^2)$

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24#

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Consider two spaceships, each traveling at 0.50c in a straight line. Ship : e/xt+7 v2* nko2z42a*g tcnix pnhh0fwfig.A is moving directly away from the Sun and ship B is approaching the Sun. The science officers on each ship measure the velocity of light coming from the Sun. What do they measure for this atifngnx220wxh 7 h+gkef/o:t *p c 42*izvn.velocity? (1.0 分)

A. Ship A measures it as less than c, and ship B measures it as greater than c.

B. Ship B measures it as less than c, and ship A measures it as greater than c.

C. On both ships it is measured to be less than c.

D. On both ships it is measured to be exactly c.

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25#

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Which of the following depends on the observer's e(- ojfu(2hp yframe of reference? (1.0 分)

A. the mass of the proton

B. the length of a meter stick

C. the half-life of a muon

D. all of the given answers

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26#

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As the velocity of your8: i h g8r1cfvvq)qsg qm-h83s spaceship increases, you would observe (1.0 分)

A. that your precision clock runs slower than normal.

B. that the length of your spaceship has decreased.

C. that your mass has increased.

D. all of the given answers

E. none of the given answers

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27#

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A boat can travel 4.0 m/s in still water. With what speed, relatiq *w7n-q;m l 6vz:uwdar: qx4sve to the shore, does it move in a river that is flowing at 1.0 m/s if the boat 6 sxzml4q r-q7n: vd :;a*wwquis heading upstream? (1.0 分)

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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28#

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A boat can travel 4.0 m/s in still water.n.uh k4 l7b qpcb9eg)9 With what speed, relative to the shore, does it move in acpuh9bg)b9q k l7n.4e river that is flowing at 1.0 m/s if the boat is heading downstream? (1.0 分)

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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29#

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A boat can travel 4.0 m/s in still water. With what speed, relative to the qt4bj40 9 phn+mfmup.shore, does it move in a river that is flowing at 1.0 m/s if the boat is heading straight across mup4+hm 9t p. qnfb40jthe river? (1.0 分)

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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30#

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How fast should a moving clock tray iuyfzht.17, vel if it is to be observed by a stationary observer as running at one-half its normal rt z7f i1u.yyh,ate? (1.0 分)

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.65 \; c$

C. $0.78 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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31#

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A spaceship takes a nonstop journey tocwtx/*kbg. m, 9n4 tyc a planet and returns in 10 hours according to a clock on the spaceship. If the speed of the spaceship is 0.80c, how much time has elapsed on the Earth?k/ cn gwcxtt 9bm4,.y* (1.0 分)

A. $3.2 \; h$

B. $7.0 \; h$

C. $15 \; h$

D. $17 \; h$

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32#

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A set of twins, Andrea and Courtney y-c5qn gt3vio)q jj8;, are initially 10 years old. While Courtney remains on Earth, Andrea rides on a space ship which travels away from Earth at a speed of 0.6c for five years (as measured by Courtney), then turns around and comes back at 0.6c. When Andrea returns, Courtney is 20 years old. How old is Andrea upon her retu;y8 ji5v-3o)cq tjn qgrn? (1.0 分)

A. $10 \; years$

B. $12 \; years$

C. $18 \; years$

D. $20 \; years$

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33#

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One 20-year-old twin brot s7:cy5bq( qzfv 9osx4her takes a space trip with a speed of 0.80c for 30 years according to a clock on the spaceship. Upon returning to the Earth, whatsc q:yz(4q 7vox fb95s is his own age and the age of the Earth-based twin brother? (1.0 分)

A. 20; 30

B. 30; 50

C. 50; 70

D. 70; 90

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34#

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A meter stick is moving toward you with a speed of 0.80c. What is its leng *n)0roqy8 emp7dwr. hth? (1.0 分)

A. zero

B. $0.40 \; m$

C. $0.60 \; m$

D. $1.0 \; m$

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35#

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How fast would a rocket ship have to move to contl2 zk:n fv)e2 x trtoel4+u*i4ract to half of its proper length (as observed by lkeinxe+:vtf2r *4 tuz) 2 ol4a stationary object)? (1.0 分)

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.65 \; c$

C. $0.78 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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36#

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The length of a spaceship is 10 m when it is at rest. If the spaceship trave s6e1 - lp03ei+ hxy8qrb0zewvls by you with a speed of el ebhq v06wp+8xr13-ziy0se 0.70c, what length does it appear to you? (1.0 分)

A. $5.5 \; m$

B. $7.1 \; m$

C. $12 \; m$

D. $18 \; m$

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37#

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The closest star to our solar system r gd7zni 70s jiufwbs/a -.:(q gg73uqis Alpha Centauri, which is 4.30 light years away. Abn7g u7fis:(d gjg-70r zq.u3sqi / wa spaceship with a constant speed of 0.800c relative to the Earth travels toward the star. What distance does the space ship travel according to a passenger on the ship? (1.0 分)

A. $2.58 \; ly$

B. $3.52 \; ly$

C. $4.12 \; ly$

D. $4.30 \; ly$

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38#

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The closest star to our solar system is Alcum ) t+i8hd2,v akzer;u8l e6pha Centauri, which is 4.30 light years away. A spaceshkhvted,aclu8;m68+) izr2u eip with a constant speed of 0.800c relative to the Earth travels toward the star. How much time would elapse on a clock on board the spaceship? (1.0 分)

A. $3.23 \; y$

B. $4.40 \; y$

C. $5.15 \; y$

D. $5.38 \; y$

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39#

单选题搜藏此题

The closest star to our solar system is Alpha Centauri2k ;no0d tv 4jfinsy( * .(0m7tmofafz, which is 4.30 light years away. A spaceship with a constant speed of 0.800c relative to the Earth travels vdt2fm (f;0(a.4nis0kz* 7yjo nmo tftoward the star. How much time would elapse on a clock on the Earth? (1.0 分)

A. $3.23 \; y$

B. $4.40 \; y$

C. $5.15 \; y$

D. $5.38 \; y$

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40#

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An electron is traveling at 0.85c. What ihpj-pum0tpl ge xc)9r )x1(b 8s its mass? (The rest mass is $9.11 \times 10^{-31} \; kg$.) (1.0 分)

A. $1.4 \times 10^{-29} \; kg$

B. $7.2 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

C. $1.7 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

D. $2.4 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

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41#

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What is the speed of a proton if its mass is twice its resttzmdg z- 9zs:6 mass? (1.0 分)

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.68 \; c$

C. $0.73 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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42#

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If the velocity of your spacet dxyi x4m8.ars63ul1ship goes from 0.3 c to 0.6 c, then your mass will incre1xu4aisy6 xtrm8d . l3ase by (1.0 分)

A. 19%.

B. 38%.

C. 100%.

D. 200%.

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43#

单选题搜藏此题

What is the momentum in fa:y:jsao e9gkzsrt wt:r+- / jrk276$kg \cdot m/s$ of a proton when it is moving with a speed of 0.60c? (1.0 分)

A. $1.2 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

C. $3.0 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

D. $3.8 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

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44#

单选题搜藏此题

During a reaction, anlra vw+xa( g;85nw1 ne element loses $4.8 \times 10^{-28} \; kg$ of mass. How much energy (in Joules) is released? (1.0 分)

A. $4.3 \times 10^{-11} \; J$

B. $1.4 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $1.6 \times 10^{-36} \; J$

D. $5.3 \times 10^{-45} \; J$

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45#

单选题搜藏此题

During a reaction, $1.7 \times 10^{-4} \; J$ of energy is released. What change of mass would cause this? (1.0 分)

A. $5.1 \times 10^{-4} \; kg$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{-13} \; kg$

C. $4.8 \times 10^{-18} \; kg$

D. $1.9 \times 10^{-21} \; kg$

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46#

单选题搜藏此题

How much energy would be released if 2.0 kg of material wao 7y yj/olh35iyd-n xq9w0 nw9s lost during a reactionn7h wxw-o / 3niyq5 90yy9ojld? (1.0 分)

A. $1.8 \times 10^{17} \; J$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{16} \; J$

C. $6.0 \times 10^{8} \; J$

D. $4.7 \times 10^{-8} \; J$

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47#

单选题搜藏此题

The amount of energy equivalent to two kilogram nxcxfl1h1( ,wbn ie l:aw 78j7of mass at rest is (1.0 分)

A. $18 \times 10^{16} \; J$.

B. $3.0 \times 10^{8} \; J$.

C. $9.0 \times 10^{16} \; J$.

D. none of the given answers

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48#

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The atomic bomb that was dropped on Nagasaki in 1945 killed 140,000 people, helpzp; 65+eq 01ik lnuvrhing to end World War II on the next day. It released energy equivalent k;p+nhilzrq1 ue0v 5 6to that of 20,000 tons of TNT explosive. How much mass was converted to energy when this took place? (1000 tons of TNT = $4.3 \times 10^{12} \; J$) Incidentally, modern H-bombs have energy yields 1000 times as much! (1.0 分)

A. $1 \; g$

B. $10 \; g$

C. $100 \; g$

D. $1 \; kg$

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49#

单选题搜藏此题

The kinetic energy of a proton is 80% of its total energy. What is the spy9k,ms(owei k 82+n s7apli/ qeed of the prolysm9i7 k/i eoq2ak(,wn s8 p+ton? (1.0 分)

A. $0.02 \; c$

B. $0.87 \; c$

C. $0.98 \; c$

D. $1.0 \; c$

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50#

单选题搜藏此题

The kinetic energy of a proton2k x7 zswdyj53 is 80% of its total energy. What is the momentum djs32k5y x wz7in $kg \cdot m/s$ of the proton? (1.0 分)

A. $5.0 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

B. $2.5 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

C. $5.0 \times 10^{-18} \; kg \cdot m/s$

D. $2.5 \times 10^{-18} \; kg \cdot m/s$

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51#

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What energy is released (in MeV) during a reack08vb pvofci.g1o8)ction in which $1.67 \times 10^{-25} \; kg$ of material is converted to energy? (1.0 分)

A. $5.0 \times 10^{-14} \; MeV$

B. $4.1 \times 10^{-7} \; MeV$

C. $3.1 \times 10^{-4} \; MeV$

D. $9.4 \times 10^{4} \; MeV$

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52#

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How much mass is lost during a react:ek(rr7o; v +j -/+ gugv/wniu-dym n4x j5iuiion in which $1.7 \times 10^{8} \; MeV$ of energy is released? (1.0 分)

A. $1.8 \times 10^{-8} \; kg$

B. $5.7 \times 10^{-9} \; kg$

C. $1.9 \times 10^{-17} \; kg$

D. $3.0 \times 10^{-22} \; kg$

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53#

单选题搜藏此题

What is the total energy of an electron moving )u3qqw/g2xy((d pl;j 61* wmbmmda al with a speed of 0.95c? (1.0 分)

A. $2.6 \times 10^{-13} \; J$

B. $8.2 \times 10^{-14} \; J$

C. $1.1 \times 10^{-13} \; J$

D. $1.2 \times 10^{-14} \; J$

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54#

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How many joules of energy are required to accelerate one kilogr 8k-o;os jc0;vowuzpj+: sp9nam of mass from rest to a velocity of jvoc posz9;+nsup j;0: -k8o w0.866 c? (1.0 分)

A. $1.8 \times 10^{17} \; J$

B. $9.0 \times 10^{16} \; J$

C. $3.0 \times 10^{3} \; J$

D. none of the given answers

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55#

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In a nuclear plant, h )5stb3xbefl d/-8aog1+a7 iz -rle a$1017$ J of energy is available from mass conversion. How much mass was lost? (1.0 分)

A. $0.1 \; kg$

B. $1 \; kg$

C. $10 \; kg$

D. $100 \; kg$

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56#

单选题搜藏此题

An electron is accelerated through 100 kV. B3az- k k.:h,plak tg/oy what factor has its mass increased with respe: kz khk,ot-alp3a /.gct to its rest mass? (1.0 分)

A. 1.20

B. 1.55

C. 4.25

D. 8.00

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57#

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You are in a rocket traveling away from the Sun at 0.95c. i 3krcf 6a/bxwb6 -e01brb3b5 qu7fwx You measure the speed of lbx1b f 05bx33 - rb/qwwcb6f7ke6iua right from the Sun to be (1.0 分)

A. 0.05c.

B. 0.95c.

C. 1.0c.

D. cannot be determined without knowing the frequency of the light

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58#

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Two spaceships are traveling through space at 0.60 c rei,m z yy.v9oz7qdq9rttox h7l 8)u26q0.d be glative to the Earth. If the ships are headed directly toward each other, what is7m qdquz7z evt9860d9b.,h.yqyxigt2 o)o r l their approach velocity, as measured by a person on either craft? (1.0 分)

A. $1.2 \; c$

B. $c$

C. $0.60 \; c$

D. none of the given answers

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59#

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A fast spaceship is traveling with a speed of k :ctg3zf/7xt pxhj-/0.80c. How fast would light travel from the headlights of t:jtf/ h-pxzk7 x3/cgthe ship relative to a stationary observer? (1.0 分)

A. $0.20 \; c$

B. $0.80 \; c$

C. $1.0 \; c$

D. $1.8 \; c$

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60#

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A spaceship moves away from the Earth with a speefiu/ 77mp v z8x)fwja(d of 0.80c. The spaceship then fires a ij7fpzwf)7m( 8ax v/u missile with a speed of 0.50c relative to the spaceship. What is the velocity of the missile measured by observers on the Earth if the missile is fired away from the Earth? (1.0 分)

A. $0.30 \; c$

B. $0.50 \; c$

C. $0.93 \; c$

D. $1.3 \; c$

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61#

单选题搜藏此题

A spaceship moves awao tjoy7hg2z7 +y from the Earth with a speed of 0.80c. The spaceship then fires a missile with a speed of 0.50c relative to the spaceship. What is the velocity of the missile measured7j+tog7y2oh z by observers on the Earth if the missile is fired toward the Earth? (1.0 分)

A. $0.30 \; c$

B. $0.50 \; c$

C. $0.93 \; c$

D. $1.3 \; c$

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总分:61分及格:36.6分时间:不限时

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