Physics Unit32: Elementary Particles

1#

What happens to the cyclotron frequency of a charged particle iz*,awu2;o zwqox -q/rf its speed doubles*urwq/z; zq 2oxoa-w ,? (1.0 分)

A. It triples.

B. It doubles.

C. It halves.

D. It does not change.

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2#

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What happens to the cyclotron 9cbjwl/d u*j3frequency of a charged particle if the radius of its path doub 9d jbcj/*l3uwles? (1.0 分)

A. It triples.

B. It doubles.

C. It halves.

D. It does not change.

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3#

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The Feynman diagram shows two electrons approaching each other, inte6;ayl 5lv atwg)ez40iq/ n +rn b9lu*qracting, and then lbwea 0n;ya96q/zv*li5nul4t) qrg +l eaving each other. What particle is being exchanged during the interaction?

(1.0 分)

A. pion

B. virtual photon

C. neutrino

D. $W$ particle

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4#

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The Feynman diagram shows theug3b)mfd70n3z.f ;fkf6s /fvgd za;lv3ep* b weak interaction of a neutrino ($\nu$) and a neutron ($n$), mediated by a $W+$ particle. The interaction produces an electron ($e-$) and another particle. What is the other particle?

(1.0 分)

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5#

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A positively charged electrmdfnt8x 9ov2/k)m4 uzon is (1.0 分)

A. called a proton.

B. called a positron.

C. also called an electron.

D. not found in nature.

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6#

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What effect does an increase in the mass of the virtual excha tab8 22ix exzr5*mm5xqm. 5winge particle have on the range of the force 8m5 x2ter5zawbmmxqi*.x5i 2 it mediates? (1.0 分)

A. decreases it

B. increases it

C. has no appreciable effect

D. decreases charged particle interactions and increases neutral particle interactions

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7#

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An exchange particle for the weak forcees/:nfls75 tx. ik.in is the (1.0 分)

A. photon

B. meson

C. W particle

D. graviton

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8#

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The exchange particles fo: lq/z lwtiv03r the weak force are very massive (about 100 times as massive as a pri:tw/l 3z0l qvoton). This would lead one to expect that the weak force would (1.0 分)

A. act over a very long range.

B. act over a very short range.

C. only act on very massive particles.

D. be transmitted at the speed of light.

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9#

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The exchange particle for quarks is cal,-raxw c 6ufpon;e7t4led (1.0 分)

A. the stickon.

B. the gluon.

C. the epoxyon.

D. the epsilon.

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10#

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A particle that travels at the speed of ligh b uo mt;wh3d36.udla,t (1.0 分)

A. has never been observed.

B. must have zero rest mass.

C. must have a very large rest mass.

D. has infinite energy.

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11#

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One reason a photon could not create an odd nu(+ 7xqt7l rp x/xv7cb i1jkrrmk/o).pmber of electrons and positrons is that such a prj x+77pr qm1/ (xlvri.b/t)pkorc7 kxocess would (1.0 分)

A. not conserve charge.

B. not conserve energy.

C. require photon energies that are not attainable.

D. result in the creation of mass.

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12#

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Is the following decay permis4al3gq)wh*n psible? $\Sigma^+ \rightarrow \Lambda^{\circ} \;+\; \pi^+$ (1.0 分)

A. yes

B. No, because charge is not conserved.

C. No, because mass is created.

D. No, because lepton number is not conserved.

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13#

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Is the following decay allowed?(,.v dv(ofrtd((: c cnzbz.ae $\Sigma^+ \rightarrow p \;+\; \pi^+$ (1.0 分)

A. yes

B. No, because charge is not conserved.

C. No, because mass is created.

D. No, because lepton number is not conserved.

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14#

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Is the following deca.ee jvhzn s7s*quc: j8 -o8(zby allowed? $\pi^{\circ} \rightarrow \mu^+ \;+\; \nu_{\mu}$ (1.0 分)

A. yes

B. No, because charge is not conserved.

C. No, because mass is created.

D. No, because lepton number is not conserved.

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15#

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The neutrino has (1.0 分)

A. enormous rest mass, positive charge, and spin quantum number 1/2.

B. negligible rest mass, negative charge, and spin quantum number 1.

C. negligible rest mass, no charge, and spin quantum number 1/2.

D. none of the given answers

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16#

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An electron is an example oeex)4 to9+-phx x7t eyf (1.0 分)

A. a lepton.

B. a meson.

C. a baryon.

D. a gauge boson.

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17#

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A proton is an example of:vkx/vrmhikqm dc 9+unkwi 4ni7 . 9-5 (1.0 分)

A. a lepton.

B. a meson.

C. a baryon.

D. a gauge boson.

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18#

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A neutron is an examp37nkaada fb/fa u 9cn)./ehpc(n * zd-le of (1.0 分)

A. a lepton.

B. a meson.

C. a baryon.

D. a gauge boson.

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19#

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A photon is an example of :cfgt9ifg2x0 l/xx 5o (1.0 分)

A. a lepton.

B. a meson.

C. a baryon.

D. a gauge boson.

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20#

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Particles that do not interact via the strong 6smg cst54j(;zlr/o 2d qefu7force but do interact via the weak nuclear force (and presumably by the much weaker gravi fz/sr(qg d oc6mes7l;5u42jttation force) are called (1.0 分)

A. gauge bosons.

B. leptons.

C. baryons.

D. mesons.

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21#

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Hadrons are divided inq2c u -g +pja3)ppk;h9qvsjr 2to two subgroups called (1.0 分)

A. baryons and leptons.

B. leptons and mesons.

C. mesons and baryons.

D. nucleons and gauge bosons.

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22#

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A quark is (1.0 分)

A. a constituent of a nucleon.

B. a constituent of a hadron.

C. an elementary particle.

D. all of the given answers

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23#

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What is the quark cod6uab0ief )-b mposition of a $\Lambda^{\circ}$? (1.0 分)

A. uud

B. uus

C. uds

D. uss

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24#

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A distinctive feature of quarks is that thelv71iszx ruz. l3r/:uy (1.0 分)

A. have zero rest mass.

B. have zero charge.

C. have fractional electric charge.

D. are always observed singly, since they do not readily interact with other particles.

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25#

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The charge of some quarks andf4 jwy3 nq1dc xb)5bw0 antiquarks is (1.0 分)

A. e/4.

B. e/3.

C. e/2.

D. e.

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26#

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When a quark emits oydr 0 il.(*ubnr absorbs a gluon, the quark changes (1.0 分)

A. its charge.

B. its mass.

C. its color.

D. into an antiquark.

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27#

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The number of types ofh8k pfyfe9m+1g*a5 wh quarks is (1.0 分)

A. 2.

B. 3.

C. 6.

D. 8.

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28#

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Which of the following is not considered to be okplhb0iw796s 1 fh8eizi +dp6 ne of the four fundamental forcespfehzhiilk9 iw80d6b1 76+ sp ? (1.0 分)

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29#

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A significant step in "unifying" the forces of nature was zmgv mp (6x 4zbjqqo 0u4 *v3h29b-snjthe discovery that two of the so-called fundamental forces were two parts of a single force. The two forces that were so unifi9qhj qpz2m-(o 0vnsb64x bjm 3z*vgu4ed were (1.0 分)

A. the electromagnetic force and the weak force.

B. the electromagnetic force and the strong nuclear force.

C. the electromagnetic force and the gravity force.

D. the weak force and the strong nuclear force.

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30#

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The grand unified theory (GUT) is a smvvim+8o8hlpa/he 8+ v myuz/ki+8. aought-after model that would unify three of the four forces of nature. Which force is the ovz /y/+8mu8+o v.mhke8a ah ip+8li vmne it would not include? (1.0 分)

A. gravitational

B. strong

C. weak

D. electromagnetic

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31#

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What is the wavelength for a beam of 1.4 GeV elecnk po6r: zi:p ;iw8if vlb)4)btrons? (1.0 分)

A. $8.8 \times 10^{-14} \; m$

B. $8.8 \times 10^{-15} \; m$

C. $8.8 \times 10^{-16} \; m$

D. $8.8 \times 10^{-17} \; m$

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32#

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A cyclotron operates at 10 MHz. What magnetic field is needed to :mfe qx/benz h*)j, 7maccelerate protons? :m,hz/qn)be xejf*m7 (1.0 分)

A. $0.12 \; T$

B. $0.25 \; T$

C. $0.66 \; T$

D. $1.5 \; T$

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33#

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A cyclotron of radius 0.25 m accelerates protons in a 1.7-T magnetic field. Wz91mx.avho z7hat is the frequency for the applied alternating voltage?.9h7 vxzo1m za (1.0 分)

A. $0.26 \; MHz$

B. $2.6 \; MHz$

C. $26 \; MHz$

D. $260 \; MHz$

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34#

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A cyclotron of radius 0.25 m accelerates protons in a 1.7-T magnetic field.9f0yz-c/ i khn What is the kinetic energy of the fcn0zh /9i- kyprotons when they leave the cyclotron? (1.0 分)

A. $7.8 \; keV$

B. $8.7 \; keV$

C. $7.8 \; MeV$

D. $8.7 \; MeV$

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35#

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A deuteron has the same charge asb u-ceyl 5e4peo/s m4 i*sj-(n a proton but approximately twice the proton mass. Suppose deuterons are being /(yee 445cs*-sjl omi- upbneaccelerated in a cyclotron in an orbit of radius 75 cm at a frequency of 8.0 Mhz. What magnetic field is needed? (1.0 分)

A. $0.011 \; T$

B. $0.11 \; T$

C. $1.1 \; T$

D. $11 \; T$

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36#

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Suppose you were to try to create av0voy6tnnq tsm r3 f+s9f -v30 proton-antiproton pair by annihilation of a very high energy photon. Th fm3fs 0o 9qsrnt0v3vv 6+nt-ye proton and the anti-proton have the same masses, but opposite charges. What energy photon would be required? (1.0 分)

A. $1.022 \; MeV$

B. $1880 \; MeV$

C. $940 \; MeV$

D. $223 \; MeV$

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37#

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When a positronium atom (p .g8q) 6zlo0p gzj7cxelectron + positron) decays, it emits two photons. Whatxp678p)0ljcz o.g gz q are the energies of the photons? (1.0 分)

A. 0.511 MeV and 1.022 MeV

B. 0.225 MeV and 0.285 MeV

C. 0.256 MeV and 0.256 MeV

D. 0.511 MeV and 0.511 MeV

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38#

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The pe meson has a masaimims16 , *ot,* aybus of 264 times that of an electron. What is the range of the force mediated by this si*, *6o u ama,tby1imparticle? (1.0 分)

A. $1.5 \times 10^{-10} \; m$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

C. $1.5 \times 10^{-14} \; m$

D. $1.5 \times 10^{-15} \; m$

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39#

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Calculate the range of a hypothetical force with the proton as the virtual excg*bx yp*+k24 :huchj qhange p pb24 x:c+u*jhy kg*qharticle. (1.0 分)

A. $6.7 \times 10^{-25} \; m$

B. $2.1 \times 10^{-16} \; m$

C. $1.5 \times 10^{-15} \; m$

D. $6.0 \times 10^{-8} \; m$

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40#

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Identify the missing part)hcd :/ytpn1g )(17 kl pscagsicle in the following reaction.
$\pi^- \;+\; p \rightarrow \pi^- \;+\; \pi^- \;+\; \pi^+ \;+\; \;\;\;\;\;\;$ ? (1.0 分)

A. $p$

B. $n$

C. $e$

D. $\nu_{\mu}$

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41#

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Identify the missing particle in the follosn ji 2t x-g/;eu42dr6xapz2hphpdx .x9 0i6lwing reaction. $\pi^+ \rightarrow \mu^+ \;+\; \;\;\;\;\;\;$ ? (1.0 分)

A. $p$

B. $n$

C. $e$

D. $\nu_{\mu}$

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42#

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Identify the missing particle in the following react(j j9 o +kez3tk+-wcpwion. $\pi^+ \;+\; \Lambda^{\circ} \rightarrow \Sigma^+ \;+\; \;\;\;\;\;\;$ ? (1.0 分)

A. $p$

B. $n$

C. $\pi^{\circ}$

D. $\nu_{\mu}$

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43#

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The number of quarks in a deuteron (,wdgy/k07uzqs5b :tk v /5kry $^2 H$) is (1.0 分)

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